Europe ko Garibi

Poverty in Europe

By: Bikal Dhungel 

Harek din 1500 nepali bidesine tathya harek lai thaha vai sakeko kura ho. Bidesh ma adhyan garne, kam garne, paisa kamaune aadi yityadi sapana liyera nepali haru bidesine garchan. Aam bujhai yo pani cha ki Europe , America wa Australia ma paisa falcha, moj majja dherai huncha, ghum gham badhi garna payincha. Tara kam manche le matra bujheko cha ki Europe ma pani byapak garibi cha, samasya cha ra Nepal bata soche jati sajilo chaina. Yo lekh le Europe ko garibi ko bare jankari dincha ra sath sathai yesle nepali ra nepal lai kasari asar parcha tyo pani bislesan garcha.

Europe ek dhani mahadesh ho jasle bigat 300 barsa ma byapak arthik bikash hasil gareko cha taipani Europe ma sabai jana ko mahal hune, sabai le Mercedes chadne, sabai sanga karodau sampati hune bhane haina. Europe ma pani garibi cha ra garib teslai vanincha jasko masik aamdani aausat kamai (average income) ko 60% vanda kam huncha. GDP ko adhar ma Europe ko sabai vanda dhani desh Germany ma 15.8% janasankhya aathawa 1 karod 30 lakh manche garibi ko rekha muni parchan. Germany ma basobas garne bidesi mul ka manche haruma bhane yo sankhya jhanai badhi arthat 26.6% bidesi haru garibi ko rekha muni parchan. German ra bidesi dubai ma purush bhanda garib mahila ko sankhya badhi cha. Tesai gari gharbar bihin manche ko sankhya jhandai 250,000 cha. Samajik surakshya ko niti bhayeko desh ma vastav ma kasaile pani sadak ma sutnu pardaina, tesaile yestai garib haruko lagi vanera sarkar le basne thau ko bewastha gardeko huncha, taipani tyaha sabai subidha vane upalavda hudaina. Sarkar le sutne thau ko bewastha gardiye pani 22,000 manche sadak mai sutne gareko paiyeko cha. Halai prakashit tathyanka anusar 31 lakh manche lai afno kamaile masik kharcha dhanna pugdaina ra uniharu sarkar ko sahayog lina badhya chan. Falswarup uniharu, chahine vanda kaam khane, harek dosro din matrai tato khana khane awastha ma pugeka chan. German biddhut pradhikaran ka anusar gata barsa 312000 manche ko ghar ma bijuli ko sulka tirna nasakeko karan line katidinu pareko thiyo. Sohi tathyanka anusar arka 10 lakh byakti lai bijuli ko kharcha behorna dhaudhau pariraheko pani janaiyeko cha. Germany ma 28 lakh berojgar chan bhane thap dasau lakh simit work contract ma kaam garna badhya chan. Yesle manche ko garibi ko rekha muni dhakeline sambhawana lai badhaucha. Germany ta europe ko sabai vanda dhani desh ho. Purbi ra Dakshin Europeli desh haruma yo sthiti jhanai najuk cha.  Garibi ko rekha muni hune sankhya Greece ma 23.1%, Romania ma 22.6%, Spain ma 22.2%, Italy ma 19.4% yityadi cha vane samagra ma herda europe ma 17% manche haru garibi ko rekha muni chan. Sabai vanda kam garib vayeko muluk haru maddhe Iceland ma 7.9% manche chan, thorai hune dosro Norway ma 10.1% chan, tespachi Netherlands ra Denmark ma 10.1% ra 13.1% chan.

San 2007/2008 ko arthik mandi le european muluk haruko arthatantra lai thulo nakaratmak asar pareko thiyo jaska karan arthatantra khaskina ko sathi dherai matra ma berojgari badheko thiyo jun ajhai pani ramro sanga hal huna sakeko chaina. 2011 ma feri dakchin europeli muluk haruma aayeko arko arthik mandi le jhanjhan nakaratmak asar badhayeko cha. 2008 pachi sabai vanda baliyo Germany ko arthatantra 5.6% le khaskiyeko thiyo vane Ireland ko 9% ra purbi europeli muluk haru Estonia, Lithuania ra Latvia ko arthatantra kramasa 10, 11 ra 13% le khaskiyeko thiyo. 2011 ko arko arthik mandi ka karan Greece, Portugal ra Spain ma berojgari ko sankhya 25% pugeko cha vane yuba berojgari jhandai 50% ko harahari ma cha. Yeska karan yi muluk haru bata thulo matra ma desh chodi europe ko anya muluk haru jastai Germany ma jane kram nikkai badheko cha. Sakar le kharcha dhanna nasakne awastha ma pugeko hunale sikshya, swastha ra anya aatyawasyak chetra ma garine kharcha katauti gariyeko thiyo. Greece ma euta sadharan sikshyak ko talab masik 1100 Euro bata jharera 400 ma aai pugda hajarau manche afno pariwar palna nasakne awastha ma thiye. Jasko ghar ma baccha haru chan, usko jiban nikkai kastakar huna pugyo. Hajarau manche sadak aandolan ma utriye tara pani sarkar le garna sakne vane kehi pani thiyena kinaki arthatantra khaskida sarkai nai taat paltiyeko thiyo. Jun drisya hami tv ma afriki muluk haruma dekhne garchau, tyo drisya Greece ma dekhina thaleko thiyo. Samajik saanstha harule bato ma aatyawasyak khane kura haru baadeko, budha briddha haru container ma faleko khane kura khojdai hideko, upachar garna napayera manche haru sadak mai ladi raheko drisya drittiya biswa yuddha yeta dekhiyeko thiyena.

Purai Europe lai joddnu parda, haal European muluk haruma 30 lakh gharbar bihin manche chan, 50 lakh bhanda badhi berojgar chan, arko 30 lakh garibi ko rekha muni dhakeline khatara ma chan, kunai pani sahar ma manche haru fohor ko container ma khane kura khojdai hideko drisya dekhna sakincha, plastik ka khali bottle khojdai hideko dekhna sakincha, bises gari yuba berojgar dherai badheko dekhincha, praye country haruma Real Wages 15 barsa agadi dekhi badheko chaina, mulya briddhi harek barsa 1-3% hune gareko cha, Europe ko 30% bhanda badhi manish lai afno kamai bata khana launa dhaudhau pareko aawastha cha ra Europe lai sapana ko mahadesh vanne din pani gayeko anubhuti hunu samanya vai sakeko awastha cha. 

Haal uttari ra paschimi european muluk ma kehi haad samma arthatantra sudhriye pani purbi ra dakshini muluk haruma Crisis kayam nai cha. Bigat 8 barsa ma dasau lakh manche harule yi muluk chodi aru desh ma gayeka chan. Yesko sidha asar vane paschimi europeli muluk haruma basne asia ra afriki mul ka manche harulai parcha kinaki praye asian ra african haru 'Low Wage Sector' ma kaam garchan. Tyo kaam eastern ra southern european harule garidiye pachi asian ra african manche haru berojgar huna pugchan. Uniharu berojgar hunale Nepal jasto desh ma sidha asar parcha kinaki Nepal Remittance ma var pareko muluk ho. Nepal ko arthatantra ko 25% hissa Remittance bata aaucha. Tyo aaunu rokinu wa kami hunu vaneko Nepal ko arthatantra ma nakaratmak asar parnu ho. Kunai pani pariwar ko ek sadasya le pathayeko Remittance le Nepal ma usko chora chori le padhi raheka chan vane remittance rokinule uniharuko vabisya pani dharap ma parne huncha. Yesai gari Europe ma dasau hajar Nepali adhyan gari raheka chan. Crisis ka karan uniharule kaam napaunu vaneko uniharuko padhai ko awadhi pani lambinu ho ra vabisya ma uniharule Nepal ma pathaune paisa ko pani kami aaunu ho. Kaam napayekai karan hajarau bidhyarthi le afno kharcha dhanna nasakda padhai bich mai rokera farkinu parne awastha pani aayeko cha.

Arko tira herda pratek barsa Nepal jane tourist haru maddhe 2 lakh jati European country haru bata jane garchan. Crisis ka karan manche haru sanga paisa nahuda ki ta uniharu Nepal jasto taadha raheko thau vanda aru nai najik raheko muluk tira jana ruchauchan wa katai pani jadainan. Nepal jane harek 8 jana tourist le ek jana lai full time job dine tathyanka le dekhayeko cha. Bhaneko matlab, Europe bata jane tourist ma 50% kami hunu vaneko 12,500 Nepali ko jagir janu ho. Ra bidesi mudra sankalan ma kami aaunu pani ho. Nepal le aantarastriya bajar ma kinne saman jastai Oil ra Gas kharid garda aantarastriya mudra ma kharid garnu parcha kinaki oil bechne Saudi Arab le Nepali rupiya lidaina, uu ameriki dollar wa Euro chahancha. Tesaile Nepal sanga hard currency nahunu vaneko Nepal niryat hune Oil wa Gas ma pani kami hunu ho. Supply kami huna sath tesle bhayeko saman ko mulya briddhi garne garcha jaska karan Nepali le badhi mulya tirera saman kharid garnu parne huncha.

Arthik mandi ka karan dhani desh le garib desh lai dine baidesik sahayog ma pani katauti garchan. 2007 ra 2008 ma Crisis vaye pani bises gari Belayat ra Germany bata aaune baidesik sahayog ma katauti gariyeko thiyena tara pani tespachi ka barsa haruma kami aayeko thiyo. Greece ra anya southern european muluk harule bhane baidesik sahayog ma nikkai katauti gareka thiye. Nepal jasto garib desh baidesik sahayog ma dependent cha. Nepal ma sarkari budget ko lagvag 35% hissa baidesik sahayog marfat garincha. Aru bikash ka kaam haruma pani baidesik sahayog bina aasambhav cha. Yo sabai vanda pahilo pancha barse yojana dekhi nai kayam raheko chij ho. Pahilo pancha barse yojana ma 100% budget baidesik sahayog marfat nai aayeko thiyo. Sahayog ka sath sathai, Crisis ko bela baidesik lagani (Foreign Direct Investment ) ma pani kami aaucha jasko karan Nepal jasto desh ma rojgari srijana huna paudaina. Aathawa chalu vai sakeka bikash ka kaam haru pani budget ko kami huda vabisya ma garne vanera saarne garincha. Bises gari bikash ko sawal ma financial certainty aatyawasyak cha. Nepal ma vayeko janasankhya briddhi ka karan harek barsa 3 lakh yuwa job market ma aaune garchan tara jamma 30 hajar jati matrai rojgari srijana hune gareko cha, baki 270,000 le berojgar hunu pareko cha ra tesaika karan dinahu 1500 yuba bidesine kram jaari cha.

Bhannu ko matlab ke ho vane, aja ko Globalised biswa ma Europe ma aayeko crisis le Nepal jasto garib desh lai pani dhilo chado asar paarcha paarcha. Europe ma ta yo samasya Economy ko kati pratisat khaskine vanne matra sawal hola tara yesle paarne asar le Nepal ma bhane jiban ra maran le sawal huna sakcha. Globalisation bata dherai faida haru lina sakincha tara bidesi muluk haruma dherai dependent hunu pani ghatak huna sakcha. Ajako rajnitik asthirta ra arthik awastha herda Nepal ko vabisya kaalo dekhchu. Jaba khadi muluk haruma nirmaan ka kaam haru sakinchan, tyaha raheka kaamdar haruko awasyak pardaina. Ahile bidesh ma raheka 30 lakh maddhe 20 lakh nepali nepal farkina badhya hunu parcha. Haal ko Remittance ko 80% paisa nepali harule bachna ko lagi aatyawasyak kura harumai kharcha garna pugne tathya le ke janaucha vane Remittance aayeko paisa nepal ma lagani huna sakeko chaina ra jun din bidesh bata paisa pathaune manche Nepal farkincha, tyo din uu ra usko paribar nai garibi ma dhakelinchan. 20 lakh Nepali nepal farkinu vaneko pratek pariwar ma 4 jana ko hisab garda 80 lakh Nepali garibi ma dhakelinu ho. Haal ko janasankhya briddhi lai herda, ajako 10 barsa ma thap 10 lakh badhi Nepali hune anuman garna sakincha. Janasankhya badhi ra rojgari kaam hunale garibi badhnu ka sathai, khaddya bastu ko mulya badhne huncha kinaki kheti garine jamin basna ka lagi prayog garda tesbata hune ubjani ma kami aaune huncha ra antya ma yesle griha yuddha nalyaula vanna sakinna. Tara yo chuttai bahas ko bisaya ho.

Yo article le vanna khojeko kura, Europe ma pani garibi cha ra yo vabisya ma kaam hune dekhidaina. Europe ko garibi le Europe ma matrai haina ki, Nepal jasto desh ma pani pravaab parcha. Article le dina khojeko sandesh yo pani ho ki Nepal bata Europe ko bare je sochne garincha ki tyaha paisa falcha, moj majja ko jiban cha, ghumna paincha, sajilai kaam paincha, padhna paincha, mahinai picche Nepal paisa pathauna paincha etc sabai galat ho. Europe ma pani afnai samasya chan. tyaha pani garib manche chan, tyaha pani khana launa dukha cha, tyaha pani harek samasya uttikai chan jun Nepal ma cha. Dosro kura, yo Globalisation ko yug ma Nepal le ahile nai tibra arthik bikash ko niti naliye, ahile nai rajnitik samasya lai hal nagare, bikash ka kaam ma abarodh puryaune Maobadi jasta rajnitik party harulai taha nalagaye voli thulo durghatana huna sakcha.